The improvement of power battery technology largely determines whether China's new energy automobile industry can truly go from demonstration to landing. Many of the improvements in technology come from the development and improvement of materials. The development of new material systems has become the key to the development of power batteries. To clarify the obvious characteristics of the domestic and international power battery materials industry, targeted research and development investment and improvement will help to improve the manufacturing level of local power battery companies. Currently, power batteries are in the process of transformation and technology upgrades. At the inaugural meeting of the National Power Battery Innovation Center, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out that “through the cooperation of technology, equipment, talents, funds and other resources, the chain of technology R&D, transfer and first commercialization will be opened up. To achieve breakthroughs in power battery technology and support the development of new energy vehicle industry to provide strategic support. The core of the development of the power battery industry. New material drive power battery technology innovation The basic composition of a lithium battery includes a casing, a cathode material, a cathode material, a separator, an electrolyte, and the like. Among them, the positive electrode material plays a decisive role in the energy density, safety, cycle life and the like of the lithium battery. The performance optimization of power batteries often relies on technological breakthroughs in cathode materials. Industry experts say that power battery cathode materials will develop in the direction of high voltage, high safety and low cost. The positive electrode materials such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, NCM ternary materials, NCA ternary materials, and lithium nickel manganese oxide will further mature, and their safety and cost will be further improved. In the field of anode materials, new anode materials such as graphene and silicon carbide will gradually mature, and the application of lithium titanate anode materials with fast charge and fast release will be more extensive. It is expected that at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan", China's anode materials Shipments will exceed 150,000 tons, making it the world's largest producer of negative electrode materials. In recent years, the development and application of new anode materials such as graphene have attracted attention in the industry. Studies have shown that the use of graphene in the anode material of lithium ion batteries can greatly improve the capacitance and large rate charge and discharge performance of the anode material. Many enterprises, universities and research institutions are actively carrying out research work on graphene materials, and the industrialization process of graphene anode materials is also actively promoting. BYD is at the forefront of new battery technology and new materials research and development. Regarding the new battery material technology route, BYD is currently in the direction of lithium iron phosphate, but in the future it will also research and develop other new technologies. At present, domestic power batteries are mainly lithium iron phosphate batteries or ternary batteries, while the battery life and storage capacity of ternary batteries are stronger than traditional lithium batteries. Many domestic mainstream automobile manufacturers have indicated that they have produced and used ternary batteries. Domestic power battery materials development trend is good Power battery materials play a vital role in increasing battery energy density. The data shows that the localization rate of the four key materials for power batteries is more than 80%, among which the localization rate of anode and electrolyte is as high as 98%, the localization rate of cathode material is over 95%, and the localization rate of battery separator More than 80%. Mainly because the domestic power battery system was developed earlier, and the comprehensive performance requirements are relatively low. The domestic material level has been steadily improved in recent years, and the progress in consistency and batch stability has been fast, which can meet the needs of domestic battery companies. Since the second half of 2015, many materials in the middle and upper reaches of domestic lithium batteries have been increasing in price, such as lithium carbonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, copper foil, lithium iron phosphate, and wet diaphragm. With the substantial increase in material prices, the gross profit margin of materials has also rebounded sharply, which in turn has attracted many companies to actively expand production and new entrants. From January to September this year, the investment in the four major materials in China exceeded 35 billion yuan, of which the positive electrode materials and separators became hot spots for investment. According to industry experts, China has become the world's largest power battery production and demand country, but domestic power battery technology and quality still have gaps compared with Japan and South Korea, mainly reflected in energy density, product consistency, product stability, failure rate, etc. aspect. Li Yujun, executive vice president of Beiqi New Energy Engineering Research Institute, said that with the development of new materials, the power battery system will develop in three stages. Before 2020, the ternary/graphite system will be the main; from 2020 to 2030, Lithium-rich layered oxide/silicon based; after 2030, lithium/air battery is the main. For the development of power battery materials, industry experts have proposed to improve battery material performance and achieve technological breakthroughs. For example, the development of high energy density electrode materials (nickel-rich, manganese-rich ternary cathode materials; silicon-based, metal lithium anode materials, etc.); high-safety battery materials (flame-retardant electrolyte, ceramic diaphragm, etc.); new battery system materials (lithium Sulfur battery, lithium air battery material, etc.). In addition, through policy incentives and other measures to attract upstream battery material production, midstream battery, battery pack and battery system production, downstream electric vehicles and other application companies to accumulate, forming a distinctive and competitive industrial cluster. US, Japan and South Korea power battery technology update rate increase Recently, the Tesla 100kWh model passed the evaluation of the EU certification body RDW. This means that the Model S/X 100D will be available soon, and its cruising range will reach 613km (based on the NEDC standard). Elon Musk has pointed out that Tesla's battery life will increase at a rate of 5% per year. Imagine that in a 100 kWh battery pack, the capacity of a single cell should be increased to 3.9 Ah without changing the battery pack structure, so that it is possible to achieve a capacity of 100 kWh. The industry suspects that Tesla has developed a 3.9Ah 18650 cell with Panasonic, thanks to the material in the anode, silicon. In terms of technology research and development, the Korea Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology recently developed a cathode material for secondary batteries, which can increase the existing battery capacity by 45%, that is, the cruising range of electric vehicles will increase by at least 100 kilometers on the basis of the current 200 kilometers. The research team successfully increased battery capacity by developing a "graphite-silicon composite" that replaces existing batteries using graphite electrodes. The industry expects that the mass production of such new batteries will be easier, and will have a strong price competitive advantage in the future. Japan has developed a new lithium battery materials do not require cobalt rare metals, and a new trial lithium battery. The research team led by Matsushita Electric Industrial University professor Yoshida Junichi developed new organic materials using lithium and carbon, and successfully produced new lithium batteries with non-cobalt electrode materials. Lithium batteries are expected to shed their dependence on cobalt and greatly reduce production costs. Another advantage of lithium batteries produced by this new material is longer battery life and lower attenuation. The experimental results show that the lithium battery produced by the new material is charged and discharged 100 times, but the battery capacity is not more than 20%. Matsushita Electric plans to improve this new material, and hopes to increase the number of battery charge and discharge to 500 to 1000 times, and then carry out commercial production. Power battery overall technology innovation has a long way to go Power battery technology is developed along with debates. In this regard, the standard drafters, the developers and the battery companies involved are deeply touched. The first is the dispute over the material system, especially the ternary and lithium iron phosphate. There is no bad material, it is not good because it did not find its best living space. The actual data shows that lithium iron phosphate is suitable for use on buses, and ternary materials have obvious advantages in passenger cars. About the size dispute. Although there are recommended standards QCT840-2010 in China, due to insufficient representation, or considering the need to improve and other issues, the adoption rate is low; in Europe there is VDADIN-91252, German car companies are required to provide batteries according to this standard, many domestic battery factories also The battery was developed according to the size of the standard. Again, the battle for capacity. At the beginning of the development of power batteries, it seems that the larger the capacity, the higher the level, but from the current process control and technical level, there is no scientific basis. For the reasonable threshold of capacity, it should be based on material system, size design and process level. The value under the overall balance. There is also a battle for shape. The coiled small battery core has been used as a standard product in large-volume applications. It has the characteristics of mature production equipment, stable process and good consistency. The hard shell square has the advantages of high dimensional accuracy and high pressure resistance. The flexible packaging battery has safety protection. Good control, flexible design and high degree of design. Which shape of battery is used requires a comprehensive consideration of battery angle, module design and group technology. Although there are multiple arguments and voices, the entire industry has not stopped exploring new materials and technologies. It is certain that high energy density and safer performance are always two major issues that companies are trying to balance, and high energy density is One of the core technical indicators of China's "13th Five-Year Plan" power battery. From the application of the new energy bus to the ternary lithium battery , to the release of the power battery catalog, including the prohibition of the power battery industry joint venture, the government is actively setting aside time and space for the development of power battery technology. Enterprises should take advantage of this opportunity to achieve the development of power battery technology. The domestic power battery industry should shift its focus away from price wars and policy subsidies, and turn to the "technical route" to effectively improve the performance of power batteries.
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