The main components of the microscope

The structure of an ordinary optical microscope is mainly divided into three parts: a mechanical part, an illumination part, and an optical part.

Mechanical part

(1) Mirror base: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire lens body.
(2) Mirror column: It is an upright part of the mirror base for connecting the mirror base and the mirror arm.
(3) Mirror arm: one end is connected to the lens column and one end is connected to the lens barrel.
(4) Lens barrel: Attached to the front of the mirror arm, an eyepiece is attached to the upper end of the lens barrel and an objective lens converter is provided at the lower end.
(5) Objective converter (rotator): attached to the bottom of the prism shell, can be freely rotated, there are 3-4 round holes on the disk, is to install the objective lens part, rotate the converter, you can exchange different objective lens, when listening Only when observing the squeaking noise can the observation be performed. At this time, the optical axis of the objective lens is exactly aligned with the center of the light hole and the optical path is closed.
(6) Mirror stage (stage): In the bottom of the lens barrel, there are square and round shapes for placing slide specimens. There is a hole in the center. The microscope used on our microscope is equipped with a slide specimen propeller ( Pusher). There is a spring clip on the left side of the pusher to hold the slide specimen. The propeller adjustment wheel under the stage allows the slide specimen to move left and right and forward and backward.
(7) Adjuster: It is the size of two kinds of spirals mounted on the lens column. When adjusting, the stage is moved up and down.
1 Coarse regulator (coarse helix): The helix is ​​called a coarse adjuster. When moving, the stage can be quickly and greatly increased. Therefore, the distance between the objective lens and the specimen can be quickly adjusted to make the object appear in the field of vision. Usually, When using a low power lens, use the coarse adjuster to quickly find the object.
2 fine regulator (thin spiral): small spiral called fine regulator, can make the stage slowly move up and down, more when using high-power lens to use, in order to get a clearer image, and to observe the different levels and depth of the specimen Structure.

2. Lighting section

Mounted under the stage, including mirrors, light collectors.
(1) Reflector: mounted on the lens holder, it can be rotated in any direction. It has flat and concave sides. Its role is to reflect the light source light to the condenser, and then illuminate the specimen through the light hole, and the concave mirror focuses the light. Strong effect, suitable for use when light is weak, flat lens condenser is weak, suitable for use when light is strong.
(2) The light collector (concentrator) is located on the light collector frame below the stage and consists of a condenser lens and an aperture. Its function is to concentrate the light on the specimen to be observed.
1 Condenser: Consisting of one or a few lenses, it acts as a converging light, strengthens the illumination of the specimen, and injects light into the objective lens. There is an adjustment screw next to the lens column. Turn it to raise and lower the condenser to adjust the field of view. The brightness of light intensity.
2 aperture (iridescent aperture): In the condenser below, consists of a dozen pieces of metal foil, its outer side sticks out a handle, pushing it can adjust the size of its opening to adjust the amount of light.

3. Optical section

(1) Eyepieces: mounted on the upper end of the lens barrel, usually equipped with 2-3, engraved with 5 ×, 10 × or 15 × symbols to indicate the magnification, generally equipped with a 10 × eyepiece.
(2) Objective: The rotator on the lower end of the lens barrel generally has 3-4 objective lenses, among which the shortest engraved “10×” symbol is a low magnification lens, and the longer one is engraved with a “40×” symbol. For high-powered lenses, the longest engraved with the “100×” symbol is the oil mirror. In addition, a line of different colors is often added to the high-powered mirror and the oil mirror to show the difference.
The magnification of the microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the magnification of the eyepiece. For example, if the objective lens is 10× and the eyepiece lens is 10×, the magnification is 10×10=100.