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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In recent years, under the guidance of the principle of “establishing grass for industry, adjusting structure, increasing total output, and increasing commoditiesâ€, the Qinghai Special Economic Zone has optimized its livestock breed structure, increased investment, strengthened infrastructure, and transformed The mode of operation has increased the scientific and technological content of animal husbandry production and the production and construction of animal husbandry has achieved remarkable results.
Qinghai Province implements ecological animal husbandry construction mode
Qinghai is one of the five largest pastoral areas in the country. It has a large grassland area and is located at a key point in the ecological location. The ecological status of the grassland determines the state of the ecological environment in Qinghai. How to adhere to green development and circular development, starting from the recycling and reuse of resources, improving the utilization rate and output rate of grassland, and achieving the benign and sustainable development of the animal husbandry economy is a major responsibility given to Qinghai by history.
In recent years, the provincial party committee and the provincial government made decisive decisions and made major arrangements for the development of ecological animal husbandry, which opened up the development path of grassland animal husbandry in our province. We first tried and tried to find an ecological production life. A new path of mutual benefit. Based on this, the Ministry of Agriculture established the province as a national grassland ecological animal husbandry pilot area in 2014. How to continue to take the move of modern ecological animal husbandry, the leading experts in the construction of the pilot area of ​​the Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department and reporters face-to-face to discuss future innovation and development.
Ma Qingde, deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, said that for a long time, the development of grassland ecology and production has become increasingly prominent in the pastoral area of ​​the province with single-family production and simple expansion. According to the data in 2008, more than 90% of the pastures in the province have degraded to varying degrees. Compared with the initial period of liberation, the grass yield per grass area decreased by 10%-40%, and the per capita grassland area decreased from 144 hectares to 42 hectares. In 2010, the province's herdsmen's net income was only 3,478 yuan, which was 385 yuan lower than the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen in the province. The problem is forced. Only by taking the path of ecological animal husbandry development can we solve the contradiction between ecology, production and life.
After 6 years of hard work, 883 ecological animal husbandry cooperatives have been set up in the pastoral areas of the province, and the ecological animal husbandry construction mode such as “shareholding systemâ€, “united household system†and “generational animal husbandry system†has been explored, and the mechanism system has been initially explored. A new way to achieve a win-win situation in ecological production and life. In particular, in the past two years, the province has concentrated on optimizing the top-level design of “6381†as the core of the national grassland ecological animal husbandry pilot zone, highlighting the adjustment of production relations, and promoting the shareholding system reform in 100 pilot zones in the province. Substantial breakthrough. It solves the problem that has long plagued the combination of “unification†and “point†in the development of animal husbandry, and also provides experience and explores the path for a virtuous circle of ecological production and life.
Wang Huilin, the chief animal husbandry of the Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department, said that the actual effect, the joint household system, the large household system, and the animal husbandry system are not enough to break the fundamentals of transforming production to modernization, ecological environment to continuous protection, and achieving common prosperity for all. Contradictions, and joint-stock reform and joint-stock cooperatives should be an effective way to promote the transformation of traditional animal husbandry to the modern animal husbandry of plateau.
For example, the Lagage Ecological Animal Husbandry Cooperative of Zeku County is characterized by high participation rate of herdsmen, high capital participation rate and high utilization ratio of resources. According to the operation of the shareholding system, the grassland output increased by 10.5% in the past five years, and the vegetation coverage is from 60% increased to 80%, the effective hole of the rodent dropped to 1/3 of the original, and the carrying capacity of the 100-mu grassland decreased by 2.02 sheep units.
Ma Qingde said that both Lagage and Meilong Ecological Animal Husbandry Cooperatives have a distinctive feature, that is, to use grass-fixing animals as the threshold for cooperative members to enter the community, first enter the grass hills, and then check the number of cattle and sheep according to the carrying capacity. Excess cattle and sheep are either sold on their own or in a unified concentration of fattening. From the system, the implementation of "reducing livestock does not reduce efficiency, reducing livestock without reducing income" has blocked overloading and grazing. At the same time, because the joint-stock cooperatives have the ability to uniformly deploy their own grass hills, the grassland should be banned, the rest of the ban, the governance of the grazing, the grazing of the grazing, the recycling of the peasants, and the cooperatives in place of the shareholding system can pass the grass Balance, let the grassland return to green, and people and nature return to harmony.
Wang Huilin said that in the construction of the pilot area, we have clarified the connotation of the shareholding cooperative business model. This is the grassland cattle and sheep shareholding, livestock breeding, grassland rotation, grassroots division, division of labor, dividends, dividends, and wages. Along this direction, cooperatives with a number of shares in place, strong endogenous power, well-organized organizations, and continuous increase in the masses have emerged throughout the province. The shareholding has clearly brought about the grass mountain division, the cattle and sheep group, the division of labor, and also provided the foundation and space for the differentiation of animal products and the classification of pastoral industries, which has released great potential for the development of pastoral areas. For example, in the Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the Tibetan lambs weighed 35 kilograms in the same year, and they were able to breed in the same year. The ewes achieved “two years and three birthsâ€. There are only 129 people engaged in animal husbandry in the Lagage cooperative, and the remaining 212 people are liberated from the traditional animal husbandry and engaged in tourism, hotels, engineering and other secondary and tertiary industries.
According to the preliminary statistics of the agriculture and animal husbandry department in 2016, the per capita income of 100 pilot cooperatives in the province was 10,362 yuan, which was 1,843 yuan more than the average level of farmers and herdsmen in the six states, which was 21.36% higher. For example, the total revenue of the Lagage Cooperative in 2016 reached 9.485 million yuan, the net income reached 4.936 million yuan, and the per capita income exceeded 15,000 yuan. Meilu Cooperative has a total income of 6.62 million yuan, net income of 3.83 million yuan, and an average income of 175.69 million yuan, a three-fold increase over 2008. After one year of operation of the Dayu Cooperatives, the net income reached 2.1 million yuan.
Luo Zenghai, an expert at Qinghai Provincial Animal Husbandry Station, said that through the unified operation of cooperatives, some subsidies for poor households have a platform for display. In the place where the shareholding system is pushed, the herdsmen can increase their income without leaving the sheep. After they put down the sheep whip, they can turn to the secondary and tertiary industries. This is a leap for the pastoral area, and it is of great significance. The "shared brothers and sisters"-style shareholding system has also reduced the "skinning" between people, and the harmony between the neighbors and the society has increased, which is a major quality of life for herders. Promotion