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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The weather is gradually warming up, spring farming is coming soon, and immediately when the agricultural machinery shows its talents. In recent years, Beijing's key agricultural machinery technology promoted in the production of field crops and facility crops has provided technical support for agricultural machinery preparation. In the spring farming, the majority of producers should integrate agricultural machinery and agronomy techniques to effectively increase labor productivity, reduce labor intensity, and promote agricultural production and efficiency.
Preparing for spring ploughing: the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy technology
Spring corn production agricultural machinery agronomic fusion technology
The first mode of planting is the variety. The specific varieties should be determined in combination with the local climate and soil conditions, and agreed with the agricultural sector. When selecting the varieties, pay attention to the following two points: 1 Spring maize should use excellent hybrids with high yield, drought resistance, disease resistance and strong resistance. Seeds should be cleaned and graded, seed coated, pelletized, etc., precision seeding requires seed purity not less than 98%, purity not less than 97%, germination rate above 95%; 2 grain corn should use precocious, For the varieties with fast dehydration of the ear, the silage corn should also take into account the varieties with high biological yield. The second is the cultivation method. Uniformly planted according to the planting distance of 60 cm, the plant spacing is determined according to the standard density of the variety.
Fertilization technology is based on corn nutrient requirements, target yield, local soil nutrient content, and the agricultural sector to agree on the type and amount of fertilizer. In order to adapt to the mechanized operation, the moisture content of the fertilizer should be within the normal fertilizer discharge range of the spreader to avoid blocking the fertilizer and the fertilizer guide tube due to excessive moisture. The base fertilizer should be made of granular organic fertilizer and applied by a centrifugal fertilizer spreader; the seed fertilizer should be applied by a precision seeding and fertilizing machine. To avoid burning, the fertilizer should be applied to the soil just below or below the seed 6 cm or more; Use the cultivator to spread the corn during the jointing stage (6-7 leaves).
The deep loose soil preparation technology will carry out the joint operation of deep pine preparation before planting to improve the permeability of the soil, deepen the cultivation layer and improve the soil water storage capacity. The depth of deep pine should reach 30 cm. After deep loosening, the surface of the field should be flat and fine.
The precision seeding technique is timely and the operation is carried out. When the local temperature reaches and stabilizes at 8 °C-12 °C and the soil water content (0-10 cm soil layer) is about 13%, the seeding can be started. In order to cooperate with the machine receiving operation, it is better to select 4 rows of corn precision no-till seeding machine for seeding operation, and determine the seed amount strictly according to the standard density of the variety. The single grain rate is not less than 90% and the porosity is less than 1 when the precision seeding operation is performed. %.
Sweet potato ridge (film) agricultural machinery agronomy fusion technology
Before the sowing, the type of ridge (film laminating) machine should be used to determine whether to carry out mechanical tillage work before sowing. If the machine has a rotary tillage function, it is not needed; if the machine does not have a rotary tillage function, it is necessary to carry out tillage and land preparation. The general tillage depth is 30 cm.
Before the boring technique, the components of the machine should be adjusted to the appropriate position. When working, the direction of the ridge should be as long as possible with the block to improve the working efficiency of the machine. The ridge distance is 85-95 cm, the ridge bottom is 60-65 cm wide, the ridge top is 20-25 cm wide, and the ridge height is 25-30 cm. To make the ridge shape straight, uniform, full and dense, the narrow ditch is conducive to drainage and drought prevention, and is conducive to tuber expansion.
Laminating technology Laminating work and boring work are done simultaneously by the same machine. The film should be a product with a width of 90-120 cm and a thickness of 0.008 mm-0.014 mm. During the operation, the edge of the film should be covered with cover soil to ensure the airtightness; at the same time, the connection between the films should be paid attention to avoid the phenomenon of “broken filmâ€.
Agricultural machinery and agronomic fusion technology for the production of sweet potato
According to the actual situation of cultivated land and the fertility requirements of the production of cabbage, the mechanized fertilization operation is carried out according to the technical points of soil testing and formula fertilization. The base fertilizer is mainly applied with organic fertilizer, supplemented by formula granular fertilizer. According to the area of ​​the vegetable field, the organic fertilizer spreader or the granular fertilizer spreader with appropriate specifications can be selected for operation.
In order to meet the agronomic requirements and mechanized transplanting requirements of cabbage production, the ploughing and land preparation technology has carried out flat land, rotary tillage and repression operations using laser graders and joint soil preparation machines to ensure that the rate of arable land before transplanting is greater than 90%.
The seedling technology is based on the date of transplanting and the characteristics of the variety, and is well managed in the seedling stage, and cultivates strong seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting. In the process of large-scale nursery nursery, the seedling sowing line can be selected to improve the quality and efficiency of seedling sowing. The transplanting operation is carried out by using a cup-type transplanting machine. It is recommended to use a seedling tray of about 72 points for seedling cultivation; the transplanting operation is carried out by a chain clamp transplanting machine, and it is recommended to use seedling tray seedlings of about 105 points. In addition, it should be noted that some transplanting operations at home and abroad have special requirements for other aspects of the nursery.
The transplanting technology usually uses the following two kinds of transplanting machines: one is a chain clamp type transplanting machine, which is suitable for transplanting large-area open vegetables; the other is a hanging cup type transplanting machine, suitable for early spring film transplanting, Helps to increase temperature and protect.
Field management technology 1 Water and fertilizer: In the process of mechanical trenching before transplanting, it is necessary to bury the pipeline. The 100-mu and above-size plots are suitable for irrigation using the pointer type sprinkler. The small-scale plots are suitable for ground sprinkler irrigation. The membrane transplanting can be carried out by drip irrigation, laminating and transplanting. The drip irrigation pipeline is laid during the transplanting process to carry out the drip irrigation under the membrane. 2 Plant protection: Mainly adopt the spray bar sprayer. After the field is closed, it is not convenient to use the drone plant protection to fight drugs when the machine is working.