1 Overview Dexing Copper Mine is located in the territory of the Rao Dexing City, Jiangxi Province, located in the mountains Huaiyu peacock mountain, with "Chinese copper are" title. The mine is the world's second, Asia's largest, China's first open-pit copper mine. Dexing Copper Mine has rich resources of copper, copper metal reserves ranking first in the country, is characterized by large reserves and mineral concentrate, shallow, small stripping ratio, Ore good, comprehensive utilization of elements and more. Dexing Copper Mine existing copper factory, Fujiawu two stope, mountains beneficiation plant, Sizhou concentrator and fine tail integrated plant, power plant and other 29 sub-units, employees more than 16,000 people. Dexing Copper Mine was built in 1958 and put into operation in July 1965. The production capacity is 2,500 tons/day. After years of renovation and expansion, it has formed a production scale of 100,000 tons/day in 1994. It is the largest copper mine in China. It is also one of the world's largest porphyry copper mines. Recently, Dexing Copper Mine is carrying out a 130,000-ton expansion project. In the expansion, it will use the most advanced electric shovel, self-grinding machine , flotation machine, belt conveyor and other equipment. Dashan Concentrator is a modern large-scale concentrating plant built in the third phase of Dexing Copper Mine. It designs 60,000 tons of ore per day. In accordance with the construction method of “one design, one construction, and phased productionâ€, construction started in October 1987. In 1991, the first 30,000 tons/day system (hereinafter referred to as “the first 30,000â€) was completed and put into operation, and was completed in 1994. Another 30,000 tons/day system (hereinafter referred to as “the last 30,000â€) was put into operation. After the digestion and absorption of imported equipment and a large number of technical transformations, the production capacity of 60,000 tons/day was achieved in 2002. In 2008, Dashan Concentrator started a 30,000-ton/day expansion project. It is expected that the plant will increase its scale to 92,000 tons/day, thus reaching the world-class concentrator level. 2 ore properties The Dexing Copper Mine belonging to Dashan Concentrator is a large-scale porphyry copper deposit. In addition to copper minerals, it also contains more than 20 beneficial elements such as sulfur, molybdenum , gold and silver . Veinlets ore types to a disseminated, mainly useful minerals as pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Among the copper minerals of primary ore, chalcopyrite accounts for about 90%, followed by arsenic, copper, ore, and copper. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and the like, and sericite. Pyrite is the most widely distributed in ore, with an average content of 21%. It is mostly impregnated and vein-like. It is mainly embedded in copper and gangue minerals. Self-formed and semi-automorphic structures are also common. It is also distributed in fine-grained densely distributed gangue minerals. Pyrite is closely related to chalcopyrite and coexists with it. Pyrite is often a crushed structure, and chalcopyrite is often filled in the interstices of pyrite crumbs, forming a complex intercalation relationship. There are two mining areas in Dexing Copper Mine and Fujiawu. The copper plant is mainly sulfide ore. The ore oxidation rate of Fujiawu is about 15%, but the production of ore is mainly sulfide ore. 3 Production technology progress In 2000, in order to improve the grade of copper concentrate, Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy proposed a priority mixed-step flotation process according to the ore nature of Dexing Copper Mine and the flotation process of Dashan Concentrator. Sexual copper mineral collectors , preferentially float monomeric copper minerals and copper-rich continuous organisms, and then use strong collectors to recover lean organisms, most of the sulfur and other useful minerals. The one-step coarse concentrate directly enters the selection, and the two-step coarse concentrate is re-milled to separate the copper and sulfur. The process flow is shown in Figure 25-5-1. After sufficient experimental research, it was put into production and application at the end of 2001, and achieved good results, as shown in Table 25-5-1. Figure 25-5-1 The first mixed flotation process of Dashan Concentrator Table 25-5-1 Comparison of Production Indicators of Original Production Process and New Process 1 gold and silver units are g/t. After adopting the first mixed flotation process, although the copper concentrate grade is increased from 24% to 25%, the two-step selection operation is affected by factors such as low ore grade, fine inlay size and short flotation time. The copper concentrate grade is low (about 21%). In 2004, the re-grinding cyclone was modified and the second-stage process structure was adjusted to promote the stability and improvement of the two-step copper concentrate grade (see Table 25-5-2). ). The transformation plan is as follows: The two-step selection of the selected materials consists of one step selection of tailings and coarse concentrates. According to the difference of the properties of the two materials, the second-stage process structure is adjusted to implement the coarse-grade concentrate pre-classification products. Separate treatment schemes, namely pre-overflow and one-step selection of tailings in low-alkali environment flotation, after a rough selection, two sweeps, abandoning a large number of gangue, concentrate and pre-sanding and grinding after copper and sulfur Separation. The two-step selection process after the transformation is shown in Figure 25-5-2. Figure 25-5-2 Two-stage process of Dashan Concentrator Table 25-5-2 Comparison of production indicators before and after process structure adjustment (%) In 2002, Dashan Concentrator introduced a φ2.4m x10m flotation column from CPT Canada to conduct flotation column application research. In 2008, Dashan Concentrator completed the upgrading and application of the flotation column. The comparison of mineral processing indicators before and after the promotion of flotation column is shown in Table 25-5-3. Table 25-5-3 Comparison of mineral processing indicators before and after promotion of flotation column (%) 4 Production process and process A crushing and screening The crushing and screening uses a three-stage, one-closed process. After the raw ore is coarsely crushed, it is sieved once, and the upper part of the sieve enters the medium crushing and then sieved twice. The sieved part of the two sieved directly enters the ball mill , and the upper part of the sieved sieve enters the fine crushing closed process. The medium crusher uses a vibrating ore concentrator. The medium crushing cone crusher adopts Sveda1a's H8000 standard cone crusher, and the motor power is 600kW. The equipment evaluation index is the passing capacity of 800t/h. The size of the ore discharge is -12.7mm greater than 45%, and the equipment integrity rate is 90%. The fine stone annual machine uses Svedala's H8000 short-head cone crusher. The motor power is 600kW. The equipment evaluation index is 600t/h, the mine size is -12.7mm, which is greater than 71%, and the equipment integrity rate is 90%. Double-layer vibrating screen uses Svedala's Multi-Flo double-layer vibrating screen. The upper mesh size is 40mm, the lower layer is 12mm, the sieve size is 6000mm x 2400mm, the motor power is 30kW, the productivity is more than 450t/h, and the screening efficiency is 85%. The crushing system has now reached a scale of 60,000 tons / day. B grinding process The grinding-floating section adopts the priority-mixing step-by-step flotation process scheme: the coarse-selection section first uses a small amount of highly selective copper mineral collector, and preferentially floats out the monomeric copper mineral and the copper-rich continuous body, and then uses the strong collector. Recycling poor organisms, most of the sulfur and other useful minerals. The crude concentrate is directly selected into the selection; the pre-staged overflow of the coarse concentrate and the selected one tailings are flotation in a low alkalinity environment, and after a rough selection and two sweeps, a large number of gangues, concentrates and The copper and sulfur are separated by pre-grading the sand and grinding. Grinding and floating process structure features : (1) The crude condensed concentrate is treated separately in advance. The mineral composition of crude concentrate is mainly composed of chalcopyrite and pyrite. It has the characteristics of low sulfur and high copper. The copper grade is 1%, the sulfur grade is 15%~25%, and the concentration (mass fraction) is 29%. The composition of the stage is +0. 074mm contains 20%, and -0.338mm contains 60%. (2) The pre-grading characteristics of the coarse concentrate are as follows: 1) Pre-classification of crude concentrates Compared with closed-circuit grinding, the ore size is significantly finer, so that better overflow fineness can be obtained, and the -0.038mm grain size in the overflow can reach 85%-90%. Can meet the needs of the process. 2) During the classification process, gold, silver, molybdenum, copper and gangue are enriched in the overflow, and pyrite is enriched in the grit, forming two streams of different properties. 3) The crude concentrate is pre-classified, the overflow concentration (mass fraction) is 20%, the sediment concentration (mass fraction) is 70% -75%, most of the medicament enters the overflow, and the residual amount of the pesticide in the grit is less. It is conducive to the inhibition of pyrite by lime in subsequent operations. (3) Separating the products with two different properties in advance can improve the selectivity and sorting efficiency of the regrinding and sorting process, and is conducive to the enrichment of pyrite in the latter 3,200 section tailings. (4) One-step selection of tailings directly into the first 32,000-stage rough sweeping operation without re-grinding. One step is to select the tailings gangue with high content (90% ±), fine particle size, and fine-grained copper mineral monomer dissociation is sufficient, suitable for flotation in low alkalinity environment. The pre-staged overflow of the tailings and the coarse concentrates (pH 7.5) is selected in one step, and the coarsening and sweeping operation of the former 30,000 sections is combined to achieve the slurrying effect. On the one hand, the pH of the selected slurry is adjusted to 10.5. On the other hand, the yellow drug and the foaming agent are more abundant in the pre-staged overflow, and the recovery of useful minerals in the tailings is enhanced. Therefore, the first three thousand two-stage rough sweeping operation can achieve low alkalinity flotation without additional chemicals. (5) In September 2004, the G-max cyclone was introduced to replace the KROBS standard cyclone. In the graded overflow, the content of -0.043mm was increased from 70% to 85%-90%, and the lime was added to the point by the pump. The pool is changed to a cylinder to accelerate the inhibition of pyrite, which is conducive to the separation of copper and sulfur. C product dehydration The concentrates produced by the two concentrators of Daxing Copper Mine (Dashan and Weizhou) are sent to the Jingwei Complex for centralized treatment. The Jingwei Complex has 2 ceramic filters and 33 filter presses, which can effectively dehydrate the concentrate products of the two concentrators. D tailings treatment The tailings are sent to the Jingwei Integrated Plant for treatment and transported to the tailings pond. There are 4 tailings ponds, of which the tailings pond No. 1 has been fully reclamation. E process detection and automatic control The Dashan Concentrator has carried out the transformation of the Baidong System and adopted the DCS+PLC automation system. DCS is mainly the automatic control and monitoring of analog process, and the Rose-V system of Rosemount USA is selected. The PLC controls the discrete/switching quantity of the single equipment or unit, and selects the American AB company SLC-500/04PLC. 8 billiard mill and its attached lubricating oil station set up a total of 8 sets of PLC, each set of PLC device monitors the operation of 1 billiard mill and ancillary facilities, such as equipment start/stop, over limit alarm, interlock, operation point selection, Valve switch limit position, pressure, temperature alarm, etc. The PLC is responsible for transmitting the following information to the DCS: (1) valve opening and closing position; (2) selection of motor and valve operating points; (3) over-limit or accident alarm; (4) various interlocking contacts between equipment. The PLC accepts commands such as start/stop, interlock, and selection of the DCS. F process flow chart The original design adopts a mixed-separation flotation process: one section of coarse grinding, mixed flotation, coarse concentrate re-grinding, copper-sulfur separation, copper tailings sulfur selection, gold, silver and molybdenum enriched into copper concentrate, process flow As shown in Figure 25-5-3. After several technological innovations and process modifications, the current process flow is shown in Figure 25-5-4. 　　 Figure 25-5-3 Original design process of Dashan Concentrator G Comprehensive utilization and environmental protection The production water of Dexing Copper Mine has achieved internal circulation. The flushing water, the second-stage tailings overflow water and the equipment cooling water all enter the circulating water pumping room and serve as supplementary water for the ball mill. The backwater passes through the tailings open channel to the tailings bank No. 4, and is sent back to the concentrating plant through the floating pump station as flushing water, pre-adding water and defoaming water. In terms of dust prevention, dust pollution is mainly controlled by spray dustproof, sealed dustproof, fan dust collection and electronic monitoring. Dexing Copper Mine has done a lot of work on the comprehensive utilization of resources. The first is to recover molybdenum during the beneficiation process. In addition, the wet copper extraction process is used to produce cathode copper, which consumes more than 1 million cubic meters of acidic water per year, and controls the pollution of Dawu River from the source. In 2007, it established a joint venture with Canadian Baitai Company. Jiangxi Copper Baitai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. has built a copper sulfide plant to recover copper in low-concentration copper-containing acidic wastewater. The output of copper metal exceeds 500t/a, and industrial production exceeds 20 million yuan/year, effectively achieving the development of circular economy. A win-win situation with environmental protection. CATSU Excavator Grading bucket is a type of Excavator Bucket that is specifically designed for digging and leveling soil, gravel, and other loose materials. Grading Bucket,Excavator Grading Bucket ,Tilting Grading Bucket,Jcb Hydraulic Bucket CATSU Hydraulic Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd , https://www.tiltrotatorcatsu.com
It typically has a flat bottom and straight sides, allowing it to move material in a smooth and controlled manner.
CATSU Grading buckets are commonly used in construction, landscaping, and agricultural applications to create level surfaces, build foundations, and prepare land for planting.
Some excavator grading buckets may also have teeth or cutting edges to help break up harder materials, such as rock or concrete.